What you’ll learn:
- 的快照量子计算到哪里去了。
- How the technology will be accessible in the future.
- 测试和测量解决方案如何支持量子计算技术和应用的开发。
量子计算在Gartner炒作周期中赢得了其位置。专家声称它将接管并永远改变一切。尽管可以说量子计算机可以为传统的加密术结束，但现实可能会有些不那么戏剧性。显然，这对像区块链这样的技术有影响，这些技术计划支持未来的财务系统。
例如，计算比特币系统以使经典的采矿计算机繁忙，直到2140年，但使用量子计算机使用量子计算机的蛮力解密几乎可以瞬间地挖掘出每个令牌。基于量子密码学的功能更强大的数字分类帐技术可以使比赛环境升级。
所有这些都认为，量子计算将在广泛的规模上变得可用和负担得起。从事事情的看来，这肯定是可以实现的。包括IBM，Honeywell，Google和Microsoft在内的认真计算机以及新的专业初创公司都有活跃的程序，这些程序正在将量子计算立即放在云中，并邀请了更广泛的计算社区的参与度。简介包和开发套件可帮助新用户开始。
民主化访问
这些重要的举动几乎可以肯定会推动进一步的进步，因为用户提出了更多样化和要求的工作量，并弄清楚使用量子技术来处理它们的方法。同样重要的是，广泛的云访问的预期民主化效果，这应该使更多来自各种背景的人与Quantum接触，以理解它，使用它并影响其持续的发展。
Although it’s here, quantum computing remains at a very experimental stage. In the future, commercial cloud services could provide affordable access in the same way that scientific or banking organizations can today rent cloud AI applications to do complex workloads that are billed according to the number of computer cycles used.
例如，医院正在利用在高尺度数据中心托管在AI加速器上的基因组测序应用程序，以鉴定新生婴儿的遗传疾病。该过程仅花费几美元，结果在几分钟之内就回来了，从而使临床医生及时及时挽救生命的干预措施。
量子计算作为一项服务可以进一步改变医疗保健，并深深影响许多其他领域，例如材料科学。例如，模拟咖啡因分子在古典计算机上很难做到非常困难，要求相当于100多年的处理时间。量子计算机可以在几秒钟内完成任务。可能受益的其他应用程序包括气候分析，运输计划，生物信息学，金融服务，加密和代码破坏。
真正的技术路线图
For all its power, quantum computing isn’t here to kill off classical computing or turn the entire world upside down. Because quantum bits (qubits) can be in both states, 0 and 1, unlike conventional binary bits that are in one state or another, they can store exponentially more information. However, their state when measured is determined by probability, so quantum is only suited to certain types of algorithms. Others can be handled better by classical computers.
In addition, building and running a quantum computer is incredibly difficult and complex. On top of that, the challenges intensify as we try to increase the number of qubits in the system. As with any computer, more bits corresponds to more processing power, so increasing the number of bits is a key objective for quantum-computer architects.
Keeping the system stable, with a low error rate, for longer periods is another objective. One way to achieve this is by cryogenically cooling the equipment to near absolute zero to eliminate thermal noise. Furthermore, extremely pure and clean RF sources are needed. I’m excited that, atRohde＆Schwarz, we are working with our academic partners to apply our ultra-low-noise R&S SGS100A RF sources(Fig. 1)帮助增加量子数和稳定性。
The RF source is one of the most important building blocks as it determines the amount of errors that must be corrected in the process of reading out the quantum-computation results. A “cleaner” RF signal increases quantum-system stability, reducing errors due to quantum decoherence that would result in information loss.
Besides the low phase and amplitude noise requirements, multichannel solutions are essential to scale up the quantum-computing system. Moreover, as we start to consider scalability, a small form factor of the signal sources becomes even more relevant. We’re combining our RF expertise with the software and system know-how of our partners in pursuit of a complete solution.
Equipment Needs
In addition, scientists are constantly looking for new material to be applied in quantum-computing chips and need equipment to help them accurately determine the exact properties. Then, once the new quantum chip is manufactured, its resonance frequencies must be measured to ensure that no undesired resonances exist. Rohde & Schwarz has developed high-performance vector network analyzers(Fig. 2)for both tasks and can assist in the debugging of the quantum-computing system itself.
我们的合作伙伴是依靠我们提供各种other test-and-measurement solutions to help them increase the performance and capabilities of quantum computers. The IQ mixing is a crucial part of a quantum computer, for example, and our spectrum analyzers help to characterize and calibrate the IQ mixers and suppress undesired sidebands. Moreover, R&S high-speed oscilloscopes(Fig. 3)帮助启用时间域中信号的精确时间同步，这是设置和调试量子计算系统所需的。
As we work with our partners in the quantum world to improve our products for a better solution fit, at the same time we’re learning how to apply that knowledge to other products in our portfolio. In turn, this helps to deliver even better performing solutions.
尽管云访问将使更多的公司和研究机构能够参加量子革命，但将这项技术带入日常工作需要更多的“用户友善”工作。这涉及远离温度限制，稳定量子数量大量的量子计算机，并且全部以竞争性的价格稳定量子计算机。
Already, however, we can see that quantum has the potential to profoundly change everything it touches. No hype is needed.
塞巴斯蒂安·里希特（Sebastian Richter）是ICR市场部门（行业，组件，研究与大学）的副总裁Rohde＆Schwarz.
