美国能源部推出了一个小型计算集群，该集群将作为其即将到来的Frontier SuperCuputer的测试平台。
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) said researchers are using the “Crusher” system to test software that they plan to run for Frontier, which is set to become one of the world’s leading supercomputers. Frontier is designed to deliver up to 1.5 million trillion—1,500,000,000,000,000,000—operations per second, or 1.5 exaFLOPS (EFLOPS). That’s more than three times the peak performance of Japan's Fugaku, the world’s current No. 1.
Crusher是一个微型边界，在去年计划推出后，它正在成为世界上最高的超级计算机的途径。但是，最终的6亿美元系统仍在ORNL进行集成和测试。
Crusher is based on the same architectural building blocks as the Frontier supercomputer, which will consist of 100 cabinets of servers designed by HPE. Crusher, however, consists of only 1.5 cabinets, combining 192 server nodes connected by HPE’s Slingshot interconnect. Each node contains one third-generation 64-core AMD EPYC CPU paired with 512 GB of DDR4 memory and four AMD Instinct MI250xGPUs that are fed by 512 GB of HBM2e.
The Crusher system packs a vast amount of computing power despite being designed for troubleshooting and testing software to run on Frontier in the future. ORNL said it pumps out more performance than its now-decommissioned Titan supercomputer, the world’s fastest when it was introduced a decade ago, while occupying 1% of the floor space. Crusher takes up 44 square feet, compared to the 4,352-square-foot Titan.
处理电源
美国正在与中国和其他国家进行比赛，以领导超级计算机领域。这些系统对于从高级材料，药品和武器的开发到汽车和消费品的设计等领域的关键是。他们可以处理用于建模气候变化含义并模拟星系的大量计算，从而提供了有关它们形成和发展的见解。
Ornl说，研究人员已经在破碎机测试床上看到了令人鼓舞的结果。它正在帮助他们在2022年底之前完成其完成后为Frontier准备软件，并明年向外部研究人员提供可用性。
The Crusher system is running a type of astrophysical hydrodynamics software used to simulate the dynamics of galaxies up to 15 times faster than the lab’s current top supercomputer, the IBM-based Summit machine, which uses a combination of IBM’s Power CPUs and NVIDIA’s Volta GPU accelerators. Summit is the fastest system in the U.S. today and No. 2 on the Top 500 ranking of the fastest supercomputers in the world.
Researchers are also running nuclear physics software used to calculate the properties of atoms. The code runs up to 8 times faster on one of the AMD Instinct MI250x GPUs that power Frontier than on Summit’s NVIDIA V100 GPUs.
吹牛的权利
AMD、英特尔、沙和NVIDIA争夺市场re in high-performance server chips used in data centers. While producing chips for one-off supercomputers is a relatively small slice of the business, the advanced technologies at the heart of these systems tend to trickle down into corporate data centers. That gives a competitive edge to chip firms that win contracts from the likes of the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE).
AMD还与HPE达成了第二次$ 6亿美元的合同，为DOE建立了一项支持该国核武库的超级计算机。新的超级计算机（称为El Capitan）将于明年年初完成劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室（Lawrence Livermore National Lab）的严密保护理由。
美国正在建造另一个名为Aurora的Exascale超级计算机，该公司在2022年底在Argonne National Laboratory开放时，它比Frontier更具性能。
英特尔正在提供Aurora的CPU和GPU，去年表示，新的超级计算机将抽出2个以上的峰值性能，并部署与Crusher and Frontier相同的Slingshot互连。
