The popularity of electric and hybrid vehicles has led to new embedded solutions that augment battery-management reliability. Wireless battery-management systems (BMSs) are being developed to further improve the safety and reliability of automotive batteries. To optimize this process, energy-harvesting systems are being used for continuous charging of the batteries through solar cells and piezoelectric sensors. Such technology usually relies on lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, which require constant monitoring of the state of charge (SOC)...
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