Power Density in Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

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你会学到什么：

• What is a hybrid energy storage system?
• A-CAES和PTES系统之间的比较进行储能。
  

化石燃料随着保护脆弱环境的担忧，强烈推动风能和太阳能等可再生能源解决方案的努力。问题是这些系统是不可预测和间歇性的，这将导致业务产业和国内客户的负荷需求无法满足负荷需求。

我们目前正在看到可再生能源渗透的显着增加，例如太阳能和风，进入电网。然而，电能存储（EES）系统也受到研究人员的大量关注。这些EES系统中的一些包括绝热压缩空气能量存储（A-CAES）和泵送热能存储（PTE）系统，以及具有高密度分布生成集成的弱配电网格的电力能量存储。

混合能量存储系统（HESS）

“More Electric Aircraft” High-Power-Density Optimal Configuration for HESS

TheMore Electric Aircraft (MEA)可以通过应用来使用HESS来最小化重量小波变换配置Hess容量。¹We will use the concept of equivalent time (CET) to build the relationship between the load power and storage cells to select an optimum storage type and cell.

飞行中飞机中的重量将导致速度较快的燃料消耗以及排放量为2％，排除在所有人造的公司中₂emissions into the air.

在飞机中可以安装更多电气设备，例如机电致动器（EMA），电静压致动器（EHA），去冰装置和发动机启动器/发电机，以实现能量转换中更可靠和更高的性能。使用此类设备，代替重型机械选择，将减少飞机的重量和体积。

Aircraft power fluctuations, caused by electrical devices, will exhibit randomness and intermittency while connected to the aircraft dc bus. For this reason, the wavelet transform is used to distribute load power that will have non-stability characteristics. To maintain the stability of the dc bus voltage, the HESS has been chosen to smooth out any power fluctuations.

Concept of Equivalent Time (CET)

Equivalent time (ET) is the ratio of energy to power（见图）。The ET of a battery, which will respond in a short time with a low amplitude energy output, is large. But, the ET of a supercapacitor, which has the capability of instantaneous and high amplitude power output, is much smaller.

Now we can select the best energy storage device when its ET matches the load power’s ET—when the load power’s ET is known. It doesn’t matter if a battery pack or supercapacitor pack is chosen. All are made of the same cells configured in a series and parallel combination, and the combined ET is the same as the cell’s ET.

在里面数字，A和B表示超级电容器的ET的最小值和最大值。电池的ET的ET的最小值和最大值由C和D表示。当负载功率的ET位于图中的“A”区域中时，选择超级电容器作为单个能量存储系统。以同样的方式，当在“B”区域时，我们选择电池。然而，当负载电源的ET位于B和C之间的“C”区域中时，我们应该选择HESS，其包括超级电容器和电池的组合。

该方法不仅可以实现HESS的高功率密度配置，而且还可用于优化用于微电网和电动车辆的能量存储系统，以及用于飞轮储能系统的设计的参数。

A-CAES和PTES功率密度解决方案

绝热压缩空气储存（A-CAES）提取在压缩时产生的热能，然后在地下洞穴或水下袋中储存压缩空气之前的能量。在放电期间，空气从热存储器加热并在涡轮机中膨胀。

Pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) functions as a heat pump during charging, pumping the heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir. This process is reversed during discharge and works as a heat engine that converts stored thermal energy back into electricity. PTES is more sensitive to any loss than is A-CAES.

The thermo-economic performance of A-CAES is enhanced via the use of isobaric (underwater) air reservoirs or hybrid thermal energy storage (TES). However, the PTES can be improved by utilizing system pressurization, switchable compressors/expanders, and non-conventional working fluids.²Heat recuperation can be used for A-CAES to enhance its power density and energy density.

Under pressurization, PTES variants can be almost as cheap as the underground A-CAES, but the PTES variants tend to have an efficiency of 50% to 60 %, while the efficiency A-CAES variants tends to be 70% to 80 %. However, PTES has a higher energy density (meaning a smaller plant footprint) and more freedom in siting. Smaller plant footprint can lead to better power density.

概括

Energy storage devices usually have fast, flexible, and controllable power/energy two-way throughput capacity. This is best for fast and accurate power exchange with the power grid, and various generation units and user loads, to meet the power regulation requirements in different scenarios.

目前，电力储能的常用手段是超导能量存储，泵送存储，飞轮储能，压缩空气储能，蓄能器能量存储，燃料电池，储能，超级电容能量存储等。

We’ve discussed only a sampling of these electrical energy systems. Some excellent additional papers are outlined in the “References” area below.

参考

1.基于小波变换，南京航空航天大学的混合储能系统高功率密度最优配置。

2. A comparative study of the Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES) and Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) systems, IEEE Xplore.

3.具有高功率密度和高能量密度的混合能量存储系统，2020 IEEE可持续电力和能源会议研究。

4. A Hybrid Energy Storage With a SMES and Secondary Battery, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, VOL. 15, NO. 2, JUNE 2005.

5.高功率应用混合电能存储（HEEES）系统的分析和仿真，122ⁿASEE Annual Conference and Exposition.

6. Hybrid energy storage systems for renewable energy applications, 9th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, IRES 2015.

7. Study on Power Energy Storage Allocation of Weak Power Distribution grid with High-density Distributed Generation Integration, 2016 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED 2016).